The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased mounting and intromission latency at low and high doses but not middle dose |
Subjects: Wistar rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.025, 0.060, 0.3 μg/kg bw Other doses tested: Initial dose was followed by weekly maintenance doses (at 20 percent) Route of administration: injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: pre-conception – post-natal day 22 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Faqi AS, Chahoud I. 1998. Antiestrogenic effects of low doses of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in offspring of female rats exposed throughout pregnancy and lactation. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 61(4):462-469. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased motor activity at 0.053 μg/kg |
Subjects: Wistar(Han) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.0028, 0.0093 or 0.053 μg/kg/day Route of administration: delivered in daily diet Exposure duration: 12 weeks prior to mating – birth (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: birth through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bell DR, Clode S, Fan MQ, Fernandes A, Foster PMD, Jiang T, Loizou G, Macnicoll A, Miller BG, Rose M, Tran L, White S. 2007. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat. II: Chronic dosing causes developmental delay. Toxicol Sci 99(1):224-233. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased ratio of brain weight to body weight at 120 days of age at 0.0093 and 0.053 μg/kg/day |
Subjects: Wistar(Han) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.0028, 0.0093 or 0.053 μg/kg/day Route of administration: delivered in daily diet Exposure duration: 12 weeks prior to mating – birth (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: birth through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bell DR, Clode S, Fan MQ, Fernandes A, Foster PMD, Jiang T, Loizou G, Macnicoll A, Miller BG, Rose M, Tran L, White S. 2007. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat. II: Chronic dosing causes developmental delay. Toxicol Sci 99(1):224-233. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased number of serotonin immunoreactive neurons in the dorsalo raphe nucleus (dorsalis), the median raphe nucleus (medianus), the supralemniscal area (B9), and the nucleus raphe magnus (magnus) |
Subjects: ddY mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.0392 or 3.92 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in olive oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: 8 weeks prior to pregnancy – pregnancy (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: 42 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Kuchiiwa S, Cheng SB, Nagatomo I, Akasaki Y, Uchida M, Tominaga M, Hashiguchi W, Kuchiiwa T. 2002. In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin decreases serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in raphe nuclei of male mouse offspring. Neurosci Lett 317(2):73-76. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased nuclear RNA levels of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (Hnrph1) and nucleophosmin 1 (Npm1) at 1 hour in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF); increased nuclear RNA levels of b-cell translocation gene 2 (Btg 2) and early growth response transcripts 1, 2, and 3 (Egr 1, 2, 3) at 1 hour in MEF; decreased cytoplasmic RNA level of AhR at 1 and 2 hours; increased cytoplasmic RNA levels of ADP-ribosylation factor -4 like (Arfl 4), cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 (CYP1A1) and (CYP1B1), and TCDD-inducible poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (Tiparp) at 1 and 2 hours in MEF |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 10 nM Route of administration: in vitro culture Exposure duration: gestational day 0 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 1) Age of measurement: 1 and 2 hours in culture |
Reference [PubMed Link] Schwanekamp JA, Sartor MA, Karyala S, Halbleib D, Medvedovic M, Tomlinson CR. 2006. Genome-wide analyses show that nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA levels are differentially affected by dioxin. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Gene Structure and Expression 1759(8-9):388-402. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased luciferase activity at 24 hours culture at 10 nM TCDD in undifferentiated embryonic mouse carcinoma (ECC) P19 stem cells transfected with an XRE-reporter gene; increased cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA expression in P19 stem cells at 2 hours culture at 1.0 nM; increased CYP1A1 mRNA expression at 1 through 24 hours and 2 through 5 days at 10.0 nM; decreased (inhibited) CYP1A1 mRNA activity at 10 nM TCDD in the presence of 0.1 and 1.0 and 100 μM alpha-napthoflavone; decreased mitochondrial activity in P19 stem cells at 2 hours culture at 10.0 nM; decreased glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1) mRNA and GLUT3 mRNA in plasma membrane fraction of P19 stem cells at 5, 15, and 25 hours at 10.0 nM |
Subjects: C3H/He, undifferentiated P19 embryonic carcinoma cells mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.1,1.0, or 10.0 nM Other doses tested: 100 nM Route of administration: in vitro culture Exposure duration: gestational day 0 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 3) Age of measurement: 1 hour through 5 days in culture |
Reference [PubMed Link] Tonack S, Kind K, Thompson JG, Wobus AM, Fischer B, Santos AN. 2007. Dioxin affects glucose transport via the arylhydrocarbon receptor signal cascade in pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cells. Endocrinology 148(12):5902-5912. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased expression of CYP1A1 mRNA at blastocyst stage at 10.0 nM |
Subjects: ICR mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, or 10.0 nM Route of administration: in vitro culture Exposure duration: 1-cell stage of preimplantation embryos – blastocyst stage of preimplantation embryos (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 2) Age of measurement: blastocyst stage |
Reference [PubMed Link] Wu Q, Ohsako S, Baba T, Miyamoto K, Tohyama C. 2002. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on preimplantation mouse embryos. Toxicology 174(2):119-129. |