The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for PFAS (PFOA)In the spleen PPARα mRNA levels were increased on post-natal day 1 with increases in protein expression on post-natal day 14. PPARβ mRNA levels were increased on post-natal day 1. PPARγ protein expression was increased on post-natal day 14. Alterations in genes regulated by PPARα and PXR including cyp4a14, cyp3a11, Pdk4, and Mel at various time-points. |
Subjects: CD-1 mice Chemical: PFAS (PFOA) Low doses tested: 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in deionized water and delievered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 1 – gestational day 17 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 9) Age of measurement: gestational days 14 and 17 and post-natal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, 42, 63 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Abbott BD, Wood CR, Watkins AM, Tatum-Gibbs K, Das KP, Lau C. 2012. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and nuclear receptor-regulated genes in fetal and postnatal CD-1 mouse tissues. Reprod Toxicol 33(4):491-505. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for PFAS (PFOA)Decreased PPARβ protein levels on post-natal day 14. PPARγ protein expression was increased on post-natal day 14. Increases in genes regulated by PPARα and PXR including cyp4a14, cyp3a11, and Pdk4. |
Subjects: CD-1 mice Chemical: PFAS (PFOA) Low doses tested: 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in deionized water and delievered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 1 – gestational day 17 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 9) Age of measurement: gestational days 14 and 17 and post-natal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, 42, 63 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Abbott BD, Wood CR, Watkins AM, Tatum-Gibbs K, Das KP, Lau C. 2012. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and nuclear receptor-regulated genes in fetal and postnatal CD-1 mouse tissues. Reprod Toxicol 33(4):491-505. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for PFAS (PFOA)Decrease in relative spleen weight in those exposed to 3.0 mg/kg |
Subjects: CD-1 mice Chemical: PFAS (PFOA) Low doses tested: 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0. 3.0, 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in deionized water and delievered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 1 – gestational day 17 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 9) Age of measurement: from birth to 79 weeks |
Reference [PubMed Link] Hines EP, White SS, Stanko JP, Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Lau C, Fenton SE. 2009. Phenotypic dichotomy following developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in female CD-1 mice: Low doses induce elevated serum leptin and insulin, and overweight in mid-life. Mol Cell Endocrinol 304(1-2):97-105. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for PFAS (K+PFOS)Decreases in natural killer cell activity at 8 weeks in males at 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg and in females at 5.0 mg/kg. Decreased specific IgM response in males at 8 weeks of age in 5.0 mg/kg exposure group. Decrease in B220 splenic lymphocyte subpopulation in females at 4 weeks of age after 5.0 mg/kg exposure. Decreases in CD4+ and CD3+ thymic lymphocytic subpopulations in males at 8 weeks of age after 5.0 mg/kg exposure. |
Subjects: B6C3F1 mice Chemical: PFAS (K+PFOS) Low doses tested: 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in Tween-20 and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 1 – gestational day 17 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 9) Age of measurement: 4 weeks and 8 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Keil DE, Mehlmann T, Butterworth L, Peden-Adams MM. 2008. Gestational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate suppresses immune function in B6C3F1 mice. Toxicol Sci 103(1):77-85. |