The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased relative liver weight on post-natal day 1 at dose of 3.0 μg/kg only |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 or 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 19 and post-natal day 1 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Riddle MM, Williams WC, Smialowicz RJ. 1997. Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin .I. Effects on the fetus and the neonate. Toxicology 122(3):219-228. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased relative liver weight in pups cross-fostered to receive lactational exposure |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 1, 2 and 3 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Riddle MM, Williams WC, Smialowicz RJ. 1997. Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin .II. Effects on the pup and the adult. Toxicology 122(3):229-240. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased relative liver weight in males |
Subjects: F344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 14 to 17 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gehrs BC, Riddle MM, Williams WC, Smialowicz RJ. 1997. Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin .II. Effects on the pup and the adult. Toxicology 122(3):229-240. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 510 days of age for sham castrated males |
Subjects: C57BL/6J mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 100 and 510 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Fritz WA, Lin TM, Moore RW, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 2005. In utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure: effects on the prostate and its response to castration in senescent C57BL/6J mice. Toxicol Sci 86(2):387-395. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight for wild type mice at 21 days of age; increased body weight for AhRKO type mice at 21 days of age |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg/bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21, 35, and 90 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Lin TM, Ko K, Moore RW, Buchanan DL, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 2001. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the development of control and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-exposed male mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a 64(4):327-342. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased relative heart weight for wild type mice at 90 days of age; increased relative heart weight for AhRKO type mice at 35 days of age |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg/bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21, 35, and 90 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Lin TM, Ko K, Moore RW, Buchanan DL, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 2001. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the development of control and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-exposed male mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a 64(4):327-342. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased incidence of hydronephrosis in wild type mice at 21, 35, and 90 days of age |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg/bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21, 35, and 90 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Lin TM, Ko K, Moore RW, Buchanan DL, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 2001. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the development of control and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-exposed male mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a 64(4):327-342. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased relative liver weight for wild type mice at 21 and 35 days of age; decreased relative liver weight for AhRKO type mice at 90 days of age |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg/bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21, 35, and 90 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Lin TM, Ko K, Moore RW, Buchanan DL, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 2001. Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the development of control and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-exposed male mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a 64(4):327-342. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 7 days of age through 6 months at 3.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Fisher 344 rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 or 3.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 1 day through 6 months |
Reference [PubMed Link] Walker DB, Williams WC, Copeland CB, Smialowicz RJ. 2004. Persistent suppression of contact hypersensitivity, and altered T-cell parameters in F344 rats exposed perinatally to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxicology 197(1):57-66. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight in females at 3, 8, 15, 22 days of age and in late adulthood |
Subjects: Long Evans hooded rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gray LE, Kelce WR, Monosson E, Ostby JS, Birnbaum LS. 1995. Exposure to TCDD during development permanently alters reproductive function in male Long Evans rats and hamsters: Reduced ejaculated and epididymal sperm numbers and sex accessory gland weights in offspring with normal androgenic status. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 131(1):108-118. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 22 days of age |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gray LE, Kelce WR, Monosson E, Ostby JS, Birnbaum LS. 1995. Exposure to TCDD during development permanently alters reproductive function in male Long Evans rats and hamsters: Reduced ejaculated and epididymal sperm numbers and sex accessory gland weights in offspring with normal androgenic status. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 131(1):108-118. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight from 1 to 22 days of age |
Subjects: Long Evans Hooded rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gray LE, Wolf C, Mann P, Ostby JS. 1997. In utero exposure to low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters reproductive development of female Long Evans Hooded rat offspring. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 146(2):237-244. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight (males) at 0.8 μg/kg |
Subjects: Long Evans Hooded rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.05, 0.20 or 0.80 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gray LE Jr., Ostby JS, Kelce WR. 1997. A dose-response analysis of the reproductive effects of a single gestational dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in male Long Evans Hooded rat offspring. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 146(1):11-20. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival between 3 and 22 days of age at 0.8 μg/kg |
Subjects: Long Evans Hooded rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.05, 0.20 or 0.80 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gray LE Jr., Ostby JS, Kelce WR. 1997. A dose-response analysis of the reproductive effects of a single gestational dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in male Long Evans Hooded rat offspring. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 146(1):11-20. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight (males) from birth through 32 days of age but not at later time points |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 63 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Roman BL, Sommer RJ, Shinomiya K, Peterson RE. 1995. In utero and lactational exposure of the male rat to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin - Impaired prostate growth and development without inhibited androgen production. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 134(2):241-250. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 63 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Roman BL, Sommer RJ, Shinomiya K, Peterson RE. 1995. In utero and lactational exposure of the male rat to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin - Impaired prostate growth and development without inhibited androgen production. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 134(2):241-250. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Roman BL, Peterson RE. 1998. In utero and lactational exposure of the male rat to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs prostate development: 1 - Effects on gene expression. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 150(2):240-253. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Roman BL, Peterson RE. 1998. In utero and lactational exposure of the male rat to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs prostate development: 1 - Effects on gene expression. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 150(2):240-253. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival on gestational day 20 |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 32 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Roman BL, Timms BG, Prins GS, Peterson RE. 1998. In utero and lactational exposure of the male rat to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs prostate development: 2 - Effects on growth and cytodifferentiation. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 150(2):254-270. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight of male offspring from birth to 114 days of age |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: in adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Sommer RJ, Ippolito DL, Peterson RE. 1996. In utero and lactational exposure of the male Holtzman rat to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin - Decreased epididymal and ejaculated sperm numbers without alterations in sperm transit rate. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 140(1):146-153. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at several doses and time points |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.5 1.0 or 2.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 62 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Wilker C, Johnson L, Safe S. 1996. Effects of developmental exposure to indole-3-carbinol or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on reproductive potential of male rat offspring. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 141(1):68-75. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 21 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Sommer RJ, Sojka KM, Pollenz RS, Cooke PS, Peterson RE. 1999. Ah receptor and arnt protein and mRNA concentrations in rat prostate: Effects of stage of development and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 155(2):177-189. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased insulin-like growth factor-l mRNA |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21 days of age |
Reference Chaffin CL, Brogan RS, Peterson RE, Hutz RJ, Wehrenberg WB. 1996. Modulation of growth axis gene expression by in utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the weanling Holtzman rat. Endocr J 5:129-134. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight |
Subjects: Long-Evans rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: in adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Gordon CJ, Gray LE, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Miller DB. 1995. Temperature regulation and metabolism in rats exposed perinatally to dioxin - Permanent change in regulated body temperature. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 133(1):172-176. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased at both measurement times |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 (and cross-fostered after birth) – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21 and 50 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Brown NM, Manzolillo PA, Zhang JX, Wang J, Lamartiniere CA. 1998. Prenatal TCDD and predisposition to mammary cancer in the rat. Carcinogenesis 19(9):1623-1629. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased liver weight at 50 days of age only |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 (and cross-fostered after birth) – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21 and 50 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Brown NM, Manzolillo PA, Zhang JX, Wang J, Lamartiniere CA. 1998. Prenatal TCDD and predisposition to mammary cancer in the rat. Carcinogenesis 19(9):1623-1629. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at several time points |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 18 and post-natally through 32 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Theobald HM, Roman BL, Lin TM, Ohtani S, Chen SW, Peterson RE. 2000. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits luminal cell differentiation and androgen responsiveness of the ventral prostate without inhibiting prostatic 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone formation or testicular androgen production in rat offspring. Toxicol Sci 58(2):324-338. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival on gestational day 20 and 2 hours after birth |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 18 and post-natally through 32 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Theobald HM, Roman BL, Lin TM, Ohtani S, Chen SW, Peterson RE. 2000. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits luminal cell differentiation and androgen responsiveness of the ventral prostate without inhibiting prostatic 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone formation or testicular androgen production in rat offspring. Toxicol Sci 58(2):324-338. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased CYP1B1 gene expression |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: delivered orally in a treated wafer Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 3 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Hays LE, Carpenter CD, Petersen SL. 2002. Evidence that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the brain are targets of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin during development. Environ Health Perspect 110 (suppl 3):369-376. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at several time points in females (males not measured) |
Subjects: Long-Evans rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 110 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Fenton SE, Hamm JT, Birnbaum LS, Youngblood GL. 2002. Persistent abnormalities in the rat mammary gland following gestational and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxicol Sci 67(1):63-74. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased litter size at 0.8 μg/kg |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.2 or 0.8 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth, 21 and 49 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Nishimura N, Yonemoto J, Miyabara Y, Sato M, Tohyama C. 2003. Rat thyroid hyperplasia induced by gestational and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Endocrinology 144(5):2075-2083. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased CYP1A1 mRNA at both doses and time points; increased UGT1 mRNA at post-natal day 21 only. |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.2 or 0.8 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth, 21 and 49 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Nishimura N, Yonemoto J, Miyabara Y, Sato M, Tohyama C. 2003. Rat thyroid hyperplasia induced by gestational and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Endocrinology 144(5):2075-2083. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased mortality at day 1 after birth |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Flaws JA, Sommer RJ, Silbergeld EK, Peterson RE, Hirshfield AN. 1997. In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces genital dysmorphogenesis in the female rat. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 147(2):351-362. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased fetal death for Holtzman rats |
Subjects: Holtzman & Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.6 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 20 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Kawakami T, Ishimura R, Nohara K, Takeda K, Tohyama C, Ohsako S. 2006. Differential susceptibilities of Holtzman and Sprague-Dawley rats to fetal death and placental dysfunction induced by 2, 3,7,8-teterachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) despite the identical primary structure of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 212(3):224-236. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight |
Subjects: Wistar rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 12 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mitsui T, Sugiyama N, Maeda S, Tohyama C, Arita J. 2006. Perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin suppresses contextual fear conditioning-accompanied activation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of male rats. Neurosci Lett 398(3):206-210. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased hepatatic expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 mRNA (CYP1A1) |
Subjects: Wistar rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 20 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mutoh J, Taketoh J, Okamura K, Kagawa T, Ishida T, Ishii Y, Yamada H. 2006. Fetal pituitary gonadotropin as an initial target of dioxin in its impairment of cholesterol transportation and steroidogenesis in rats. Endocrinology 147(2):927-936. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at several age measurements at 1.0μg/kg |
Subjects: Wistar(Han) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.05, 0.20, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bell DR, Clode S, Fan MQ, Fernandes A, Foster PMD, Jiang T, Loizou G, Macnicoll A, Miller BG, Rose M, Tran L, White S. 2007. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat. I: No decrease in epididymal sperm count after a single acute dose. Toxicol Sci 99(1):214-223. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival at several age measurements at 1.0μg/kg |
Subjects: Wistar(Han) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.05, 0.20, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bell DR, Clode S, Fan MQ, Fernandes A, Foster PMD, Jiang T, Loizou G, Macnicoll A, Miller BG, Rose M, Tran L, White S. 2007. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat. I: No decrease in epididymal sperm count after a single acute dose. Toxicol Sci 99(1):214-223. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased liver weight at 0.20μg/kg and increased ratio of liver to body weight at all doses at 120 days of age |
Subjects: Wistar(Han) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.05, 0.20, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bell DR, Clode S, Fan MQ, Fernandes A, Foster PMD, Jiang T, Loizou G, Macnicoll A, Miller BG, Rose M, Tran L, White S. 2007. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing male Wistar(Han) rat. I: No decrease in epididymal sperm count after a single acute dose. Toxicol Sci 99(1):214-223. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased crown-rump length and body weight at various age points by all exposure routes |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 (and cross-fostered at birth) – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 140 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bjerke DL, Peterson RE. 1994. Reproductive toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in male-rats - different effects of in utero versus lactational exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 127(2):241-249. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased percentage of live births by in utero exposure |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 (and cross-fostered at birth) – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 140 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bjerke DL, Peterson RE. 1994. Reproductive toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in male-rats - different effects of in utero versus lactational exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 127(2):241-249. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight between birth and 7 days of age |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.7 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 84 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bjerke DL, Sommer RJ, Moore RW, Peterson RE. 1994. Effects of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on responsiveness of the male rat reproductive system to testosterone stimulation in adulthood. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 127(2):250-257. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased mortality at birth |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.7 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through 84 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Bjerke DL, Sommer RJ, Moore RW, Peterson RE. 1994. Effects of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on responsiveness of the male rat reproductive system to testosterone stimulation in adulthood. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 127(2):250-257. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased litter sizes at 1 μg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rat Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.2, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 15 through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Cooke GM, Price CA, Oko RJ. 1998. Effects of in utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on serum androgens and steroidogenic enzyme activities in the male rat reproductive tract. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 67(4):347-354. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased body weight |
Subjects: C57BL/6N mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Other doses tested: 6, 9, 12 or 24μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 18 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Couture LA, Harris MW, Birnbaum LS. 1990 Jul. Characterization of the peak period of sensitivity for the induction of hydronephrosis in C57BL/6N mice following exposure to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Fundam Appl Toxicol 15(1):142-50. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased incidence of hydronephrosis; increased severity of renal lesions |
Subjects: C57BL/6N mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Other doses tested: 6, 9, 12 or 24μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 14 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 18 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Couture LA, Harris MW, Birnbaum LS. 1990 Jul. Characterization of the peak period of sensitivity for the induction of hydronephrosis in C57BL/6N mice following exposure to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Fundam Appl Toxicol 15(1):142-50. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 49 days of age and older |
Subjects: Long Evans rat Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 15 through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Hamm JT, Sparrow BR, Wolf D, Birnbaum LS. 2000. In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters postnatal development of seminal vesicle epithelium. Toxicol Sci 54(2):424-430. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased litter size at 2 days of age at 0.8 μg/kg; decreased sex ratio (percent males) at 2 days of age at 0.8 μg/kg |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.2 or 0.8 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 2 through 84 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Ikeda M, Mitsui T, Setani K, Tamura M, Kakeyama M, Sone H, Tohyama C, Tomita T. 2005. In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats disrupts brain sexual differentiation. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 205(1):98-105. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 49 days of age at 0.8 μg/kg |
Subjects: Long Evans Hooded rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.2 or 0.8 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 5 and 49 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Kakeyama M, Sone H, Tohyama C. 2001. Changes in expression of NMDA receptor subunit mRNA by perinatal exposure to dioxin. Neuroreport 12(18):4009-4012. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 49 and 120 days of age at 0.8 μg/kg |
Subjects: Long Evans Hooded rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.2 or 0.8 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 5 through 120 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Kakeyama M, Sone H, Miyabara Y, Tohyama C. 2003. Perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters activity-dependent expression of BDNF mRNA in the neocortex and male rat sexual behavior in adulthood. Neurotoxicology 24(2):207-217. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased expression of cytochrome P450 isoform 2C11 (CYP2C11) at 49 days of age at 0.8 μg/kg |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.2 or 0.8 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 2 through 49 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Ishizuka M, Yonemoto J, Zaha H, Tohyama C, Sone H. 2003. Perinatal exposure to low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters sex-dependent expression of hepatic CYP2C11. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17(5):278-285. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight of males at birth through 70 days of age at 0.4 and 1.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.064, 0.16, 0.40, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through sexual maturation |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mably TA, Moore RW, Peterson RE. 1992. In utero and lactational exposure of male-rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. 1. Effects on androgenic status. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 114(1):97-107. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight between birth and 5 days of age |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 18 through 5 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mably TA, Moore RW, Peterson RE. 1992. In utero and lactational exposure of male-rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. 1. Effects on androgenic status. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 114(1):97-107. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased live birth index at 1.0 μg/kg; decreased feed intake from 28 through 56 days of age at 0.40 and 1.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.064, 0.16, 0.40, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: birth through sexual maturation |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mably TA, Moore RW, Peterson RE. 1992. In utero and lactational exposure of male-rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. 1. Effects on androgenic status. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 114(1):97-107. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased percentage of fetuses alive at gestational days 20 and 21 |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 18 through 5 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mably TA, Moore RW, Peterson RE. 1992. In utero and lactational exposure of male-rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. 1. Effects on androgenic status. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 114(1):97-107. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight of male and female offspring for both lactational and in utero exposure |
Subjects: Line C (highly sensitive to TCDD) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 (and cross-fostered at birth) – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 40 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Miettinen HM, Alaluusua S, Tuomisto J, Viluksela M. 2002. Effect of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on rat molar development: The role of exposure time. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 184(1):57-66. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased mortality after culling for cross-fostered offspring exposed only in utero |
Subjects: Line C (highly sensitive to TCDD) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 (and cross-fostered at birth) – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 28 through 40 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Miettinen HM, Alaluusua S, Tuomisto J, Viluksela M. 2002. Effect of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on rat molar development: The role of exposure time. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 184(1):57-66. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased body weight of males at 0.03 and 0.3 μg/kg fed sugar-rich diet; increased body weight of females at 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 μg/kg fed sugar-rich diet |
Subjects: Line C (highly sensitive to TCDD) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 77 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Miettinen HM, Sorvari R, Alaluusua S, Murtomaa M, Tuukkanen J, Viluksela M. 2006. The effect of perinatal TCDD exposure on caries susceptibility in rats. Toxicol Sci 91(2):568-575. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased offspring survival at 1.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Line C (highly sensitive to TCDD) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 77 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Miettinen HM, Sorvari R, Alaluusua S, Murtomaa M, Tuukkanen J, Viluksela M. 2006. The effect of perinatal TCDD exposure on caries susceptibility in rats. Toxicol Sci 91(2):568-575. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 3, 5, and 10 days of age at 1.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 3 through 30 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Nayyar T, Zawia NH, Hood DB. 2002. Transplacental effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the temporal modulation of Sp1 DNA binding in the developing cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Exp Toxicol Pathol 53(6):461-468. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased relative liver weight in males and females exposed via lactation and via both in utero and lactation; increased expression of UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6 UGT1A6/β-actin mRNA and UGT1A7/β-actin mRNA in males and females exposed via lactation and via both in utero and lactation |
Subjects: Holtzman rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw; cross-fostered Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 21 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Nishimura N, Yonemoto J, Nishimura H, Ikushiro S, Tohyama C. 2005. Disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis at weaning of holtzman rats by lactational but not in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicol Sci 85(1):607-614. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight of females at multiple time points |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 or 2.5 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: 23 through 165 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Salisbury TB, Marcinkiewicz JL. 2002. In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran reduces growth disrupts reproductive parameters in female rats. Biol Reprod 66(6):1621-1626. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in males at 4 and 25 days of age; increased activity of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in males at 4, 25, and 32 days of age |
Subjects: Long Evans rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 21 through 63 days if age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Slezak BP, Hamm JT, Reyna J, Hurst CH, Birnbaum LS. 2002. TCDD-mediated oxidative stress in male rat pups following perinatal exposure. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16(2):49-52. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA; increased activity of hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) |
Subjects: Wistar rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 20 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Taketoh J, Mutoh J, Takeda T, Ogishima T, Takeda S, Ishii Y, Ishida T, Yamada H. 2007. Suppression of fetal testicular cytochrome P450 17 by maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: A mechanism involving an initial effect on gonadotropin synthesis in the pituitary. Life Sci 80(14):1259-1267. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight in females on post-natal days 4, 7 and 10. |
Subjects: Sprague Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 200.00 ng/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in sesame oil and administered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: post-natal days 3, 5, 6, 10, 12 ,14, 25, 28, 40, 67, and 145 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Magre S, Rebourcet D, Ishaq M, Wargnier R, Debard C, Meugnier E, Vidal H, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. 2012. Gender differences in transcriptional signature of developing rat testes and ovaries following embryonic exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. PLoS One 7(7):e40306. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased expression of Gzmf and Art2b on post-natal day 3 in females. |
Subjects: Sprague Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 200.00 ng/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in sesame oil and administered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: post-natal days 3, 5, 6, 10, 12 ,14, 25, 28, 40, 67, and 145 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Magre S, Rebourcet D, Ishaq M, Wargnier R, Debard C, Meugnier E, Vidal H, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. 2012. Gender differences in transcriptional signature of developing rat testes and ovaries following embryonic exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. PLoS One 7(7):e40306. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight in males exposed to 200 ng/kg TCDD in utero on post-natal days 5, 7, 10, 12, and 14 |
Subjects: Sprague Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 10.0, 100.0, and 200.0 ng/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in sesame oil and administered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: post-natal days 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 28, 40, 67 and 145 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Rebourcet D, Odet F, Verot A, Combe E, Meugnier E, Pesenti S, Leduque P, Dechaud H, Magre S, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. 2010. The effects of an in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin on male reproductive function: identification of Ccl5 as a potential marker. Int J Androl 33(2):413-424. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased Cyp1a1 levels in males exposed to 200 ng/kg TCDD in utero on post-natal days 5 and 28 |
Subjects: Sprague Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 10.0, 100.0, and 200.0 ng/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in sesame oil and administered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: post-natal days 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 28, 40, 67 and 145 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Rebourcet D, Odet F, Verot A, Combe E, Meugnier E, Pesenti S, Leduque P, Dechaud H, Magre S, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. 2010. The effects of an in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin on male reproductive function: identification of Ccl5 as a potential marker. Int J Androl 33(2):413-424. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weights on post-natal days 21 and 56 in males and post-natal days 21 and 49 in females |
Subjects: Wistar rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and administered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 15 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 6 to day 1 of week 7) Age of measurement: gestational day 20, post-natal days 21, 49, 56, 70, 91, 98, and 10 and 13 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Takeda T, Matsumoto Y, Koga T, Mutoh J, Nishimura Y, Shimazoe T, Ishii Y, Ishida T, Yamada H. 2009. Maternal exposure to dioxin disrupts gonadotropin production in fetal rats and imprints defects in sexual behavior. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 329(3):1091-1099. |